基于分块的空间域量子图像水印算法

J4 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 527-532.

基于分块的空间域量子图像水印算法

郭海儒，杜娅颖，许权

河南理工大学计算机科学与技术学院，河南焦作 454000

收稿日期:2017-07-27 修回日期:2017-10-11 出版日期:2018-09-28 发布日期:2018-09-29
通讯作者: 郭海儒(1977-),山西朔州人,博士,副教授,主要从事图像处理,量子信息,人工智能等方面的研究。 E-mail:guohr@hpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(国家自然科学基金,61601171），Key Project of Science and Technology Research of Education Department of Henan Province（河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目,14A520081）, Project of Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province（河南省科技厅项目,172102210275

Quantum image watermarking algorithm based on blocked spatial domain

GUO Hairu，DU Yaying，Xu Quan

College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China

Received:2017-07-27 Revised:2017-10-11 Published:2018-09-28 Online:2018-09-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于空间域的最低有效位（Least significant bit, LSB）图像水印和NEQR（A novel enhanced quantum representation）的量子图像表示模型，提出了一种新的更加安全的量子图像水印算法。通过对载体图像进行分块，使水印图像能较均匀地嵌入载体图像的每个区域中，因此算法具有良好的抗剪切性；在水印嵌入之前通过密钥对水印图像进行置乱，因此算法有很好的安全性；通过一个量子比特比较器确定水印嵌入在载体图像空间域中的具体位置，因此算法体现出较好的稳健性。所提算法采用单一运算方法，具有相对较低的复杂度和更高的峰值信噪比（Peak signal-to-noise ratio, PSNR）。针对具体的嵌入和提取电路图设计了实验仿真，验证了算法的可行性。实验结果表明所提算法有较高的PSNR。

关键词: 图像处理；量子图像水印；量子比特比较器；峰值信噪比；量子密钥

Abstract:

Based on the least significant bit (LSB) image watermarking in spatial domain and a novel enhanced quantum representation(NEQR) quantum image representation model, a new and more secure quantum image watermarking algorithm is proposed. By dividing the carrier image into blocks, the watermarking image can be embedded more uniformly in every region of the carrier image, so the algorithm has good shearing resistance. The watermarking image is scrambled with the key before embedding the watermark, so the algorithm has good security. A quantum bit comparator is used to determine the specific location of the watermark embedded in the spatial domain of the carrier image, so the algorithm reflects better robustness. The proposed algorithm adopts a single operation method, and it has relatively low complexity and higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The experimental simulation is designed for the specifically embedded and extracted circuit diagram, and feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a higher PSNR.

Key words: image processing; quantum image watermarking; quantum bit comparator; peak signal-to-noise ratio; quantum key

中图分类号:

TP751.1

郭海儒杜娅颖许权. 基于分块的空间域量子图像水印算法[J]. J4, 2018, 35(5): 527-532.

参考文献

[1] Jiang N, Zhao N, Wang L. LSB Based Quantum Image Steganography Algorithm [J].International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2016, 55(1):107-123. [2] Song X H, Wang S, Niu X M. Survey of problems in quantum image processing [J].Intelligent Computer and Applications（智能计算机与应用），2014,6: 11-14(in Chinese). [3] Zhang W W, Gao F, Liu B, et al. A Quantum watermark protocol [J].International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2013, 52(2): 504-513. [4] Zhang W W, Gao F, Liu B, et al. A watermark strategy for quantum images based on quantum Fourier transform [J].Quantum information processing, 2013, 12(2): 793-803. [5] Heidari S, Naseri M. A novel LSB based quantum watermarking [J].International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2016, 55(10): 1-14. [6] Song X H, Wang S, Liu S, et al. A dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images using quantum wavelet transform [J].Quantum Information Processing, 2013, 12(12): 3689-3706. [7] Yang Y G, Jia X, Xu P, et al. Analysis and improvement of the watermark strategy for quantum images based on quantum Fourier transform [J].Quantum Information Processing, 2013, 12(2):793-803. [8] Song X, Wang S, El-Latif A A A, et al. Dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images based on Hadamard transform [J].Multimedia Systems, 2014, 20(4): 379-388. [9] Jiang N, Wang L. A novel strategy for quantum image steganography based on Moiré pattern [J].International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2015, 54(3):1021-1032. [10] Xiao H, Pan-Chi L I, Bin-Xu L I. Improved Quantum Image Watermarking Algorithm [J].Journal of Signal Processing(信号处理), 2017,33(2):135-143(in Chinese). [11] Venegasandraca S E. Storing, processing, and retrieving an image using quantum mechanics[C]// Quantum Information and Computation. Quantum Information and Computation, 2003:1085-1090. [12] Venegas-Andraca S E, Ball J L. Processing images in entangled quantum systems [J]. Quantum Information Processing, 2010, 9(1):1-11. [13] Le P Q, Dong F, Hirota K. A flexible representation of quantum images for polynomial preparation, image compression, and processing operations [J].Quantum Information Processing, 2011, 10(1): 63-84. [14] Zhang Y, Lu K, Gao Y, et al. NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images [J]. Quantum Information Processing, 2013, 12(8):2833-2860. [15] Wang N, Lin S. A watermarking Strategy for quantum image based on least significant bit [J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics（量子电子学报）, 2015, 32(3): 263-269(in Chinese). [15] ese）.