Round robin differential phase shift quantum key distribution without three-photon pulses

Abstract

Abstract: A round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum-key-distribution（QKD） protocol without three-photon pulses is proposed in this work. This protocol can generate a secure key without monitoring the signal disturbance, so as to reduce the complexity of implementation. Moreover, a two kinds of intensity decoy states are applied to estimate the key rate in the proposed protocol. The results show that the key rate of the proposed protocol is significantly improved,and the corresponding maximum transmission distance is also increased. In addition, as only two-intensity decoy states are needed to achieve the same performance as infinite decoy states in the proposed protocol, the consumption of decoy states has been effectively reduced.

Key words: quantum optics, quantum key distribution, decoy states, secure key

CLC Number:

O431.2

JIANG Honghong, FENG Bao, LU Min, BIAN Yuxiang, GAO Lisha. Round robin differential phase shift quantum key distribution without three-photon pulses[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2020, 37(2): 172-178.

References

[1] Lo H K, Chau H F. Unconditional security of quantum key distribution over arbitrarily long distances[J]. Science, 1999, 283(5410): 2050-2056. [2] Shor P W, Preskill J. Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 85(2): 441-444. [3] Wang X B. Three-intensity decoy-state method for device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent errors[J]. Physical Review A, 2013, 87(1): 012320. [4] Yu Hao, Zhang Ying, Zhuo Wenhe，et al. Quantum network based on quantum teleportation and MDI protocol[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics(量子电子学报), 2019, 36(4): 450-455 (in Chinese). [5] Gao Zhongling, Zhao Shengmei, Ma Yuanyuan，et al International business data transmission scheme based on MDI-QKD protocol[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics(量子电子学报, 2019, 36(1): 34-39 (in Chinese). [6] Yu Hao, Jia Wei, Zan Jiye, et al. A novel BB84-based quantum secret sharing with decoy states [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics(量子电子学报), 2017, 34(1): 46-53 (in Chinese) [7] Mao Q P, Wang L, Zhao S M. Efficient quantum key distribution based on hybrid degrees of freedom[J]. Laser Physics, 2019, 29(8): 085201. [8] Wang X B. Beating the photon-number-splitting attack in practical quantum cryptography[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 94: 230503. [9] Wang L, Zhao S M, Gong L Y, et al. Free-space measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol using decoy states with orbital angular momentum[J]. Chinese Physics B, 2015, 24(12): 120307. [10] Ding Y Y, Chen H, Wang S, et al. Polarization variations in installed fibers and their influence on quantum key distribution systems[J]. Optics Express, 2017, 25(22): 27923-27936. [11] Wang S, Chen W, Yin Z Q, et al. Practical gigahertz quantum key distribution robust against channel disturbance[J]. Optics Letters, 2018, 43(9): 2030-2033. [12] Qian Y J, He D Y, Wang S, et al. Hacking the quantum key distribution system by exploiting the avalanche-transition region of single-photon detectors[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2018, 10(6): 064062. [13] Qian Y J, He D Y, Wang S, et al. Robust countermeasure against detector control attack in a practical quantum key distribution system[J]. Optica, 2019, 6(9): 1178-1184. [14] Cui C, Yin Z Q, Wang R, et al. Twin-field quantum key distribution without phase postselection[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2019, 11(3): 034053. [15] Wang S, He D Y, Yin Z Q, et al. Beating the fundamental rate-distance limit in a proof-of-principle quantum key distribution system[J]. Physical Review X, 2019, 9(2): 021046. [16] Sasaki T, Yamamoto Y, Koashi M. Practical quantum key distribution protocol without monitoring signal disturbance[J]. Nature, 2014, 509(7501): 475-478. [17] Takesue H, Sasaki T, Tamaki K， et al. Experimental quantum key distribution without monitoring signal disturbance[J]. Nature Photonics, 2015, 9(12): 827-838. [18] Zhang Z, Yuan X, Cao Z, et al. Practical round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2017, 19(3): 033013. [19] Wang L, Zhao S. Round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution with heralded pair-coherent sources[J]. Quantum Information Processing, 2017, 16(4): 100-117. [20] Hu Kang, Mao Qianpin, Zhao Shengmei. Round robin differential phase shift quantum key distribution protocol based on heralded single photon source and detector decoy state[J]. Acta Optica Sinica(光学学报)， 2017, 37(5): 339-345 (in Chinese) [21] Wang S,, Yin Z Q,, Chen W, et al. Experimental demonstration of a quantum key distribution without signal disturbance monitoring[J]. Natature Photonics, 2015, 9(12), 832-844. [22] Guan J Y, Cao Z, Liu Y, et al. Experimental passive round-robin differential phase-shift quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114: 180502. [23] Li Y H, Cao Y, Dai H, et al. Experimental round-robin differential phase-shift quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review A, 2016, 93: 030302(R). [24] Yin H L, Fu Y, Mao Y, et al. Detector-decoy quantum key distribution without monitoring signal disturbance[J]. Physical Review A, 2016, 93(2): 022330. [25] Lu Y J, Zhu L, Ou Z Y. Security improvement by using a modified coherent state for quantum cryptography[J]. Physical Review A, 2005, 71(3): 032315. [26] Yin Z Q, Han Z F, Sun F W, et al. Decoy state quantum key distribution with modified coherent state[J]. Physical Review A, 2007, 76(1): 014304.