High‑precision classification method for SERS spectra of aldehyde substances in construction machinery exhaust based on CNN‑SVM hybrid model

ZOU Nan , NIE Xinming , BAI Yuxuan , XUE Yifu , ZHONG Hanyue , QU Lulu , LIU Yuanyuan , QI Junjie , MENG Xin

Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics . 2026, (3): 361 -374 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2026.03.004