一种含有安全可信任中心的量子秘密共享方案

J4 ›› 2014, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 591-598.

一种含有安全可信任中心的量子秘密共享方案

王乐邹丽赵生妹

南京邮电大学信号处理与传输研究院, 江苏南京 210003

收稿日期:2013-12-20 修回日期:2014-01-27 出版日期:2014-09-28 发布日期:2014-09-17
通讯作者: 赵生妹，女，1968年生，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为量子信息处理、无线通信与信号处理技术。 E-mail:zhaosm@njupt.edu.cn
作者简介:王乐（1990-）研究生，研究方向为量子信息处理。njwanglele@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（61271238）、教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金（20123223110003）、江苏省高校自然科学研究项目资助(11KJA510002)、固体微结构物理国家重点实验室开放课题（M25020,M25022）、江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

A Novel Quantum Secret Sharing with a Trustful Center

Wang Le, Zou Li, Zhao Shengmei

quantum information; reversible logic; reversible comparator; reversible cascaded circuit; quantum cost

Received:2013-12-20 Revised:2014-01-27 Published:2014-09-28 Online:2014-09-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 量子秘密共享（Quantum secret sharing , QSS）可以在不完全信任的通信双方间传递密钥，是量子密码的一个重要分支。本文提出一种含有安全可信任中心的QSS方案。其中，中心能够产生并提供量子态，也能够测量并提取量子态信息。通信用户（Alice、Bob和Charlie）不拥有量子比特产生器和测量器，只需通过幺正操作和交换操作实现密钥传输和窃听防范；同时，Bob和Charlie必须合作才能获得正确的密钥。理论分析表明该方案可有效地抵御截取重发攻击、纠缠测量攻击和关联提取攻击等常见攻击策略；由于方案减少了量子比特产生器和测量器的数量，降低了量子通信的费用。这将为量子秘密共享实用化提供一种可参考的方法。

关键词: 量子光学；量子秘密共享；安全可信任中心；Bell态；交换操作

Abstract: Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is an important branch of quantum cryptography, which can transmit the secret keys between the untrusted users. In this research, a novel QSS scheme with a trustful center is proposed, which the qubit generating devices and the qubit measuring devices are only equipped at the center. The center can provide the users with quantum states and measure quantum states from the users. The users only perform unitary operations and exchange operations to transmit the secret keys and to prevent eavesdropping. Simultaneously, the cooperative operations must be performed between Bob and Charlie to obtain the secret keys. The theoretical analysis shows that the scheme is immune to the conventional attacks in QSS, such as, the intercept-and-resend attack, the entangle-and-measure attack and the correlation-elicitation attack, etc. As the numbers of qubit generating and measuring devices are reduced greatly, the scheme provides a practical way for QSS technique with less cost.

Key words: quantum optics; quantum secret sharing (QSS); a trustful center; Bell states；exchange operations

中图分类号:

O431.2

王乐邹丽赵生妹. 一种含有安全可信任中心的量子秘密共享方案[J]. J4, 2014, 31(5): 591-598.

Wang Le, Zou Li, Zhao Shengmei. A Novel Quantum Secret Sharing with a Trustful Center[J]. J4, 2014, 31(5): 591-598.

参考文献

[1]Zhang Q Y. Quantum secret sharing of single-qubit state via tripartite entangled states[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics (量子电子学报),2012,29(4):421-426(in Chinese).
张群永. 基于三粒子纠缠态的未知单粒子态量子秘密共享[J]. 量子电子学报,2012, 29(4):421-426.
[2]Liu Y Q, Shi J, Hu B L. Scheme of three quantum bit secret sharing based on GHZ state[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics (量子电子学报), 2010,27(1):41-46(in Chinese).
刘岳启，施锦，胡宝林，张琨. 基于GHZ态的三个量子位秘密共享方案[J]. 量子电子学报, 2010,27(1):41-46.
[3]Sun X M, Zha X W, Qi J X, Lan Q. High-efficient quantum state sharing via non-maximally five-qubit cluster state[J]. Acta Physical Sinica(物理学报),2013,62(23): 230302-230310 (in Chinese).
孙新梅，查新未，祁建，霞兰倩.基于非最大纠缠的五粒子Cluster 态的高效量子态共享方案[J]. 物理学报,2013,62(23): 230302-230310.
[4]Hillery M, Buzek V, Berthiaume A. Quantum secret sharing[J]. Physical Review A, 1999, 59(3): 1829-1834.
[5]Karlsson A, Koashi M, Imoto N. Quantum entanglement for secret sharing and secret splitting [J]. Physical Review A, 1999,59(1):162-168.
[6]Xiao L, Long G L, Deng F G, et al.. Efficient multiparty quantum-secret-sharing schemes[J]. Physical Review A, 2004,69(5): 052307-052311.
[7]Schmid C, Trojek P, Bourennane M, et al.. Experimental Single Qubit Quantum Secret Sharing[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(23):230505-230508.
[8]Liu L L, Tsai C W, Hwang T. Quantum Secret Sharing Using Symmetric W State[J]. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2012, 51:2291–2306.
[9]Shih H C, Lee K C, Hwang T. New Efficient Three-Party Quantum Key Distribution Protocols[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2009, 15(6):1602-1606.
[10]Zhao S M, Zheng B Y.Quantum information Processing Techniques [M]. Beijing：Posts and telecommunications Press, 2010:14-19、52-54(in Chinese).
赵生妹，郑宝玉. 量子信息处理技术[M]. 北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2010：14-19、52-54.
[11]Gao F, Qin S J, Guo F Z, et al.. Dense-Coding Attack on Three-Party Quantum Key Distribution Protocols[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2011, 47(5):630-635.
[12]Zhao S M, Li M M, Zheng B Y. A Novel Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Based on Quantum Error Correction Code[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology(电子与信息学报), 2009,31(4):954-957(in Chinese).
赵生妹，李苗苗，郑宝玉. 一种基于量子纠错编码的量子密钥分配协议[J].电子与信息学报，2009,31(4):954-957.
[13]Zhao S M, Zhu X L, Xiao Y. A Novel Construction of Quantum LDPC Codes Based on Balanced Incomplete Block Designs[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology(电子与信息学报), 2011,33(1):218-222(in Chinese).
赵生妹，朱修利，肖宇. 一种基于 BIBD 的量子LDPC 码构造新方法[J].电子与信息学报，2011,33(1):218-222.
[14]Lin J, Yang C W, Tsai C W, et al.. Intercept-Resend Attacks on Semi-quantum Secret Sharing and the Improvements[J]. International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2013,52:156–162.
[15]Qin S J, Gao F, Guo F Z, et al.. Comment on “Two-way protocols for quantum cryptography with a nonmaximally entangled qubit pair”[J]. Physical Review A, 2010,82(3): 036301- 036303.
[16]Song T T, Wen Q Y, Gao F, et al.. Participant Attack and Improvement to Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Based on GHZ States[J]. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2013, 52:293–301.
[17]Deng F G, Li X H, Zhou H Y, et al.. Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack[J]. Physical Review A, 2005, 72 (4): 044302-044305.
[18]Yang Y G, Jia X, Xia J, et al.. Comment on “Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Authentication Expansion Using Single Photons”[J]. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2012, 51:3681–3687.