[1 ] Segev M ,Crosignani B , Yariv A et al . . Spatial soliton in photorefractive media
[J]. Phys. Rev . Lett..,1992 , 68 (7) :923～926 

[2 ] Duree G C , Shultz J L , Salamo GJ et al . . Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photorefractive effect
[J] . Phys. Rev . Lett .,1993 , 71 (4) :533～536 

[3]Liu Jinsong, Lu Keqing. Screening-photovoltaic spatial solitons in biased photovoltaic-photorefractive crystals and their self-deflection
[J]. J . Opt . Soc. A m. ( B), 1999 , 16(3) :550～555 

[4] Zhang Duying , Liu Jinsong , Liang Changhong. Solitary evolution of Gauss beam in photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal
[J]. Acta Optica Sinica (光学学报), 2001 , 21 (6) :647～651

[5] Zhang Duying , Liu Jinsong , Liang Changhong. The impact of the loss on the solitary evolution of a Gauss beam in the photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal
[J]. Acta Optica Sinica (光学学报), 2002 , 22 (2) :139～143 

[6] Zhang Duying , Liu Jinsong , Liang Changhong. Self-Deflection of Solitary Wave Evolution of a Gauss Beam in Photovoltaic-Photorefractive Crystal
[J]. Acta Optica Sinica (光学学报) , 2002 , 22 (6) :697～701 

[7] Ji Xuanmang, Wang Jilai Liu Jinsong. Evolution of Gauss beam in biased centrosymmetric photorefractive media
[J]. Acta Optica Sinica (光学学报) , 2008 , 28 (9) :1798～1804 

[8] Liu Jinsong and Hao Zhonghua. Higher-order space-charge field effects on the self-deflection of bright screening photovoltaic spatial solitons.
[J]. J . Opt . Soc. A m. ( B) , 2002 , 19 (3) :513～521. 

[9] Zhang Guangyong, Liu Jinsong, Liu Shixiong et al.. Self-deflection of dark screening spatial soltions based on higher-order space-charge field.
[J]. CHIN.PHYS.LETT., 2007,(24)2:442-445