Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution based on wavelength division multiplexing technology

Abstract

Abstract: Based on the decoy state MDI-QKD protocol, a MDI-QKD protocol using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique is proposed. Both sides of communications, Alice and Bob, transmit multiple-channel signals with different wavelengths at the same time. The multi-channel signals are merged with optical multiplexer, and then a single fiber is adopted for long distance transmission. The third party, Charlie, separates the multi-channel synthetic signal with optical demultiplexer, and Bell-state measurement is performed for each sub-channel signal. Theoretical analysis results show that the key generation rate relates to the transmission distance, number of multiplexing and mean photon numbers. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed protocol greatly improves the system key generation rate. When the transmission distance is 150 km, the single-channel key generation rate is 0.17 Mbps. The key generation rates with 20 channels, 40 channels multiplexing are 3.34 Mbps, 6.68 Mbps.

Key words: quantum optics; key generation rate; wavelength division multiplexing; measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

CLC Number:

O431.2

MAO Qianping1，2, ZHAO Shengmei1，3, WANG Le1, QIAN Chenchen1, CHEN Hanwu4 . Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution based on wavelength division multiplexing technology[J]. J4, 2017, 34(1): 46-53.

References

[1] Bennett C H, Brassard G. Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing[J]. Theoretical Computer Science, 2014, 560: 7-11.
[2] Zhao S M, Gong L Y, Li Y Q, et al. A large-alphabet quantum key distribution protocol using orbital angular momentum entanglement[J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 2013, 30(6): 060305.
[3] Zhao Shengmei, Li Miaomiao, Zheng Baoyu. A novel quantum key distribution protocol based on quantum error correction code[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology(电子与信息学报), 2009, 31(4): 954-957(in Chinese).
[4] Lo H. Unconditional security of quantum key distribution over arbitrarily long distances[J]. Science, 1999, 283(5410): 2050-2056.
[5] Shor P W, Preskill J. Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 85(2): 441-444.
[6] Wang Jindong, Zhang Zhiming. Unconditional security of quantum key distribution based on practical devices[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics (量子电子学报), 2014,31(4): 449(in Chinese ).
[7] ZhuanSun Shaoshuai, Chen Hong. A quantum deterministic key distribution protocol based on W states[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics (量子电子学报), 2014,31(6): 734(in Chinese ).
[8] Zhou C, Bao W S, Zhang H L, et al. Biased decoy-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with finite resources[J]. Physical Review A, 2015, 91(2): 022313.
[9] Kocsis S, Hall M J W, Bennet A J, et al. Experimental measurement-device-independent verification of quantum steering[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 5886.
[10] Yan Long, Sun Hao, Zhao Shengmei. Study on decoyed measurement device independent quantum key distribution protocol using orbital angular momentum[J]. Signal Processing (信号处理), 2014, 30(11): 1275-1278 (in Chinese ).
[11] ZhuanSun Shaoshuai, Chen Hong, Cai Xiaoxia. Quantum deterministic key distribution protocol based on GHZ states entanglement swapping[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics (量子电子学报), 2015, 32(1): 83(in Chinese ).
[12] Wang Haihong, Zhao Shengmei, Gong Longyan. A quantum key distriution protocol based on challenge-response mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics (量子电子学报), 2015, 32(4): 452(in Chinese ).
[13] Guo Xueshi, Gao Kang, Liu Nannan, et al.. Differential detection system for measuring the quantum noise of pulsed light [J]. Acta Optica Sinica(光学学报), 2013, 33(9): 0927002(in Chinese ).
[14] Huang Jianhua, Wu Guang, Zeng Heping， et al.. Study of 1.5 GHz harmonics ultrashort pulse gated InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode single-photon detection [J]. Acta Optica Sinica(光学学报), 2014, 34(2): 0204001(in Chinese ).
[15] Lo H K, Curty M, Qi B. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 108(13): 130503.
[16] Tamaki K, Lo H K, Fung C H F, et al.. Phase encoding schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent flaw (vol 85, 042307, 2012)[J]. Physical Review A, 2012, 86(5): 059903.
[17] Ma X, Razavi M. Alternative schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review A, 2012, 86(6): 062319.
[18] Liu Y, Chen T Y, Wang L J, et al.. Experimental measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2013, 111(13): 130502.
[19] Tang Z, Liao Z, Xu F, et al.. Experimental demonstration of polarization encoding measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 112(19): 190503.
[20] Brassard G, Bussieres F, Godbout N, et al.. Multi-user quantum key distribution using wavelength division multiplexing[C].SPIE, 2003: 5260: 149-153.
[21] Tanaka A, Fujiwara M, Nam S W, et al.. Ultra fast quantum key distribution over a 97 km installed telecom fiber with wavelength division multiplexing clock synchronization[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(15): 11354-11360.
[22] Choi I, Young R J, Townsend P D. Quantum key distribution on a 10Gb/s WDM-PON[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(9): 9600-9612.
[23] Yoshino K I, Fujiwara M, Tanaka A, et al.. High-speed wavelength-division multiplexing quantum key distribution system[J]. Optics Letters, 2012, 37(2): 223-225.
[24] Tanaka A, Fujiwara M, Yoshino K I, et al.. High-speed quantum key distribution system for 1-Mbps real-time key generation[J]. Ieee Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2012, 48(4): 542-550.
[25] Ma X, Fung C H F, Razavi M. Statistical fluctuation analysis for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review A, 2012, 86(5): 052305.
[26] Lo H K, Ma X, Chen K. Decoy state quantum key distribution[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 94(23): 230504.
[27] Eldada L, Shacklette L W. Advances in polymer integrated optics[J]. Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2000, 6(1): 54-68.