Abstract: To improve visual quality after ophthalmic surgery and provide a theoretical basis for routine eye disease prevention, ocular parameter measurement methods have evolved from low-resolution ultrasound technique to high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT). Optical methods, due to their advantages of non-invasiveness and high precision, have gradually replaced ultrasound-based approach in many clinical scenarios. However, ultrasound technique remains indispensable for measuring cataractous eyes. In optical methods, OCT technology enables the detection of microscopic intraocular structures, offering significant benefits for both fundamental research and clinical applications in ophthalmology.This paper first reviews the development history of various ocular parameter measurement techniques and provides a systematic introduction to these methods. Then we focus on the research progress and applications of ultrasound biometry, low-coherence interferometry, and OCT in ocular parameter measurement, as well as the comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and performance of these methods. Finally, we summarize and prospect the applications of these techniques in ophthalmology.

Key words: ophthalmology, ocular parameters, ultrasound biometry, low-coherence interferometry, optical coherence tomography