Abstract: Semi-quantum identity authentication plays a crucial role in ensuring communication security. By introducing a quantum third party to centrally manage keys, a new semi-quantum two-party authentication protocol based on Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is proposed. Firstly, the quantum capabilities of the participants are limited, both authenticators have only semi-quantum capabilities, and the protocol uses fewer quantum resources. Secondly, the two semi-quantum participants in the protocol only need to perform simple measurement operations and XOR operations. Through further security analysis, it is found that attacks such as impersonation attack, intercept-resend attack and entangle-measure attack cannot cause the leakage of legitimate identity information when using this Semi-quantum identity authentication plays a crucial role in ensuring communication security. By introducing a quantum third party to centrally manage keys, a new semi-quantum two-party authentication protocol based on Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is proposed. Firstly, the quantum capabilities of the participants are limited, both authenticators have only semi-quantum capabilities, and the protocol uses fewer quantum resources. Secondly, the two semi-quantum participants in the protocol only need to perform simple measurement operations and XOR operations. Through further security analysis, it is found that attacks such as impersonation attack, intercept-resend attack and entangle-measure attack cannot cause the leakage of legitimate identity information when using thisSemi-quantum identity authentication plays a crucial role in ensuring communication security. By introducing a quantum third party to centrally manage keys, a new semi-quantum two-party authentication protocol based on Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is proposed. Firstly, the quantum capabilities of the participants are limited, both authenticators have only semi-quantum capabilities, and the protocol uses fewer quantum resources. Secondly, the two semi-quantum participants in the protocol only need to perform simple measurement operations and XOR operations. Through further security analysis, it is found that attacks such as impersonation attack, intercept-resend attack and entangle-measure attack cannot cause the leakage of legitimate identity information when using this protocol for quantum communication, indicating that the protocol can effectively prevent an illegal and dishonest participant from obtaining a legitimate identity, and has better security and practicality.

Key words: quantum communication, semi-quantum authentication, identity authentication, mutual authentication, GHZ state