Abstract: Maximally entangled quantum states can serve as quantum transmission channels to ensure high fidelity in information transfer. However, during the storage and transmission of quantum communication, the two-particle maximum quantum entangled state shared by remote parties will be affected by noise environment, resulting in a reduction in the entanglement quality of the quantum state. And the maximum entangled state will degenerate into a partially entangled state, thereby affecting the fidelity of the transmitted information. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method based on entanglement concentration. This method utilizes quantum non-demolition photon number measurements combined with simple linear optical elements to concentrate an arbitrary low-entanglement hyperentangled three-photon W state into a maximally entangled hyperentangled state. The results show that the entanglement concentration scheme reduces the consumption of quantum resources to a certain extent while also lowering the experimental difficulty, showing a potential in practical applications.

Key words: quantum communication, entanglement concentration, hyperentanglement state, W state