牙科激光消融牙硬组织特性研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2026.01.002

量子电子学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 21-37.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2026.01.002

牙科激光消融牙硬组织特性研究进展

张传成 1,2, 张梦宇 2, 张庆礼 1*, 丁守军 1,2*,熊正东 3, 刘文鹏 1, 窦仁勤 1, 江海河 4

1 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院安徽光学精密机械研究所, 安徽省光子器件与材料重点实验室, 安徽合肥 230031; 2 安徽工业大学微电子与数据科学学院, 安徽马鞍山 243002; 3 安徽中医药大学医药信息工程学院, 安徽合肥 230012; 4 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院健康与医学技术研究所, 安徽合肥 230031

收稿日期:2024-11-13 修回日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2026-01-28
通讯作者: E-mail: zql@aiofm.ac.cn; sjding@ahut.edu.cn E-mail:E-mail: zql@aiofm.ac.cn; sjding@ahut.edu.cn
作者简介:张传成 (1999 - ), 安徽阜阳人, 研究生, 主要从事激光晶体器件设计与应用方面的研究。E-mail: cczhang@ahut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划 (2023YFB3507403, 2022YFB3605700), 国家自然科学基金 (52272011), 中国科学院青年创新促进会 (023463),安徽省科技重大专项 (202203a05020002)

Research progress on laser ablation characteristics for dental hard tissues

ZHANG Chuancheng 1,2 , ZHANG Mengyu2 , ZHANG Qingli 1*, DING Shoujun 1,2*,XIONG Zhengdong3 , LIU Wenpeng1 , DOU Renqin 1 , JIANG Haihe

1 Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; 2 School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China; 3 School of Medical Information Technology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; 4 Institute of Health and Medical Technology, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

Received:2024-11-13 Revised:2025-04-08 Published:2026-01-28 Online:2026-01-28
Supported by:

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 激光辐射作用于生物组织发生的消融反应能够实现对生物硬组织如牙齿的磨削和切割, 相较于超声骨刀、高速涡轮机等传统手术器械具有独特的优势。本文综述了牙科激光消融特性研究进展, 重点介绍了激光波长、脉宽、能量等参数对消融效果的影响。当激光波长与水和生物组织基质的吸收波长相吻合时, 可提高消融率并减小对周围组织的热损伤, 因此选用牙组织主要成分水和羟基磷灰石吸收系数较高的相关波长的激光可以获得更好的消融效果; 在同样的能量、波长条件下, 为获得良好的消融效果, 激光的脉宽应小于牙组织的热弛豫时间, 而脉冲持续时间较长会产生热量积累引起周围组织热损伤, 纳秒激光消融后无玷污层, 同时牙小管呈开放状态, 具有较高的安全性; 单脉冲能量的增加在初期可能会引起消融率的进一步提高, 但在高能量水平下会表现出明显的饱和效应, 这与消融产物对消融的阻断效应有关。总之, 激光消融技术具有兼容性好、精确度高、可实现复杂形状切割等独特的优点, 可减少手术中的振动、骨屑和传统器械造成的磨损, 有效降低了病人的痛苦, 极大地提高了手术的快捷、安全和舒适性。本文对激光辐照参数(波长、脉宽、能量)与消融效果之间的潜在关系进行了探讨与总结, 为激光辐照参数的优化组合提供了参考。

关键词: 激光技术, 激光医疗, 牙组织消融, 辐照参数

Abstract: The ablation effect of laser radiation on biological tissue enables cutting and grinding of hard tissues likes teeth, which demonstrates unique advantages compared to traditional surgical instruments such as piezosurgery or high speed airturbine. This article provides an overview of the research progress on dental laser ablation characteristics, focusing on the relationship between ablation effect and laser parameters such as wavelength, pulse width and energy. It is shown that when the laser wavelength matches well with the absorption wavelength of tissue, the laser ablation rate can be improved and the thermal damage can be reduced. Therefore, selecting wavelength with high absorption coefficient of water and hydroxyapatite, the main components of dental tissue , will achieve better ablation results. Under the same energy and wavelength conditions, in order to achieve good ablation results, the pulse duration of the laser should roughly match the thermal relaxation time of dental tissue, and a longer pulse duration will cause heat accumulation, leading to thermal damage of surrounding tissues. It shows that when nanosecond lasers are used for ablation, there is no smear layer, and the dentinal tubules remain open, which has high surgical safety. As for pulse energy of lasers, it shows that increasing the single pulse energy may enhance the ablation rate in the initial stage, but at higher energy levels, a clear saturation effect occurs due to the obstructive effect of ablation products. In summary, laser ablation technology has unique advantages, such as good compatibility, high precision, ability to achieve complex cutting. It can reduce the vibration, bone debris and wear caused by traditional instruments during surgery, effectively alleviating the discomfortable of patient and greatly enhancing the speed, safety and comfort of surgery. This article comprehensively reviews and the potential relationship between laser parameters (wavelength, pulse width and energy) and ablation effects, providing a reference for the optimal combination of laser parameters.

Key words: laser techniques, laser medical, dental tissue ablation, irradiation parameters

中图分类号:

R318.51

张传成, 张梦宇, 张庆礼, 丁守军, 熊正东, 刘文鹏, 窦仁勤, 江海河 . 牙科激光消融牙硬组织特性研究进展[J]. 量子电子学报, 2026, 43(1): 21-37.

ZHANG Chuancheng , , ZHANG Mengyu , ZHANG Qingli , DING Shoujun , XIONG Zhengdong , LIU Wenpeng , DOU Renqin , JIANG Haihe . Research progress on laser ablation characteristics for dental hard tissues[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2026, 43(1): 21-37.

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牙科激光消融牙硬组织特性研究进展

Research progress on laser ablation characteristics for dental hard tissues

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