Research on wavelength-multiplexed quantum key distribution
based on diﬀerent optical ﬁbers

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2022.05.011

Abstract

Abstract: Based on wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) technology, quantum and classical signals can be transmitted together in the same ﬁber. However, the noise caused by the nonlinear interaction between classical signals and optical ﬁber will reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum key distribution (QKD), so measures need to be taken to reduce the inﬂuence of classical noise. Diﬀerent from the previous methods focusing on QKD device, the background noise rate, secret key rate and maximum secure transmission distance of WDM-QKD for diﬀerent kinds of ﬁbers are analyzed and compared by establishing the classical noises, decoy-state and ﬁnite-key models from the perspective of optical ﬁber transmission in this work. The numerical simulation results show that G.655 ﬁber can reduce the background noise rate of WDM-QKD, G.654 ﬁber can increase the secure key rate and the maximum secure transmission distance, while the performance of WDM-QKD with the popular standard single-mode ﬁber G.652 is in the middle of the three cases.

Key words: quantum information, quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, wavelength division multiplexed, optical ?ber, nonlinear interaction

CLC Number:

O431.2

ZHAO Liangyuan , ∗ , CAO Lingyun , LIANG Hongyuan , WEI Zheng , WU Qianjun , QIAN Jianlin , HAN Zhengfu ∗. Research on wavelength-multiplexed quantum key distribution based on diﬀerent optical ﬁbers[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(5): 776-785.

References

[1] Bennett C H, Brassard G. Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing [C]. IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing. Bangalore: IEEE Press, 1984: 175-179.
[2] Scarani V, Bechmann-Pasquinucci H, Cerf N J, et al. The security of practical quantum key distribution [J]. Review of Modern Physics, 2009, 81(3):1301.
[3] Townsend P D. Simultaneous quantum cryptographic key distribution and conventional data transmission over installed fibr e using wavelength division multiplexing[J]. Electronics Letters, 1997, 33(3):188 190.
[4] Razavi M. Multiple Access Quantum Key Distribution Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2012, 60(10):3071 3079.
[5] Carpenter J, Xiong C, Collins M J, et al. Mode multiplexed single photon and classical channels in a few mode fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(23):28794.
[6] Zhang J, Liu Y X, Ozdemir S K, et al. Quantum internet using code division multiple access [J]. Scientific Reports, 2013, 3(7):2211.
[7] Peters N A, Toliver P, Chapuran T E, et al. Dense wavelength multiplexing of 1550 nm QKD with strong classical channels in reconfigurable networking environments [J]. New Journal of Physics, 2009, 11(5):045012.
[8] Dynes J F, Tam W S, Plews A, et al. Ultra-high bandwidth quantum secured data transmission [J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:35149.
[9] WANG H, ZHOU Y Y, YU W. Performance Analysis of Wavelength Assignment Optimization Scheme for Hybrid Quantum-Classical Networks [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2020, 37(1): 43-49.
王欢周媛媛虞味. 量子-经典混合光网络波长分配优化方案性能分析 [J]. 量子电子学报, 2020, 37(1): 43-49.
[10] Patel K A, Dynes J F, Choi I, et al. Coexistence of High-Bit-Rate Quantum Key Distribution and Data on Optical Fiber [J]. Physical Review X, 2012, 2(4): 041010.
[11] Kawahara H, Medhipour A, Inoue K. Effect of spontaneous Raman scattering on quantum channel wavelength-multiplexed with classical channel [J]. Optics Communications, 2011, 284(2):691-696.
[12] Hill K O, Johnson D C, Kawasaki B S, et al. cw three‐wave mixing in single‐mode optical fibers [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1978, 49(10):5098-5106.
[13] Single-mode optical fibers for telecommunication-Part 1: Characteristics of a dispersion unshifted single-mode optical fiber: GB/T 9771.1-2008[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2009.
[14] Single-mode optical fibers for telecommunication-Part 4: Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fiber: GB/T 9771.4-2008[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2009.
[15] Single-mode optical fibers for telecommunication-Part 2: Characteristics of a cut-off wavelength shifted single-mode optical fiber: GB/T 9771.2-2008[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2009.
[16] Single-mode optical fibers for telecommunication-Part 5: Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion shifted single-mode optical fiber: GB/T 9771.5-2008[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2009.
[17] Single-mode optical fibers for telecommunication-Part 6: Characteristics of a fiber with non-zero dispersion for wideband optical transport: GB/T 9771.6-2008[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2009.
[18] Ma X, Qi B, Zhao Y, et al. Practical decoy state for quantum key distribution [J]. Physical Review A, 2005, 72:012326.
[19] Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Razavi M, et al. Improved key-rate bounds for practical decoy-state quantum-key-distribution systems[J]. Physical Review A, 2017, 95:012333.

Research on wavelength-multiplexed quantum key distribution based on diﬀerent optical ﬁbers

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Sheng , FANG Xiaoming , LIN Yu , ZHANG Tianbing , FENG Bao , YU Yang , WANG Le . Four-intensity decoy-state phase-matching quantum key distribution [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(4): 541-545.
[2]	SUN Yishi , SUN Yi . Parameter prediction of classical-quantum signals co-fiber transmission system based on BP neural network [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(4): 546-559.
[3]	JIA Wei , ZHANG Qiangqiang , BIAN Yuxiang , LI Wei . Research on the upper bound of collective attack in E91-QKD [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(3): 407-414.
[4]	CAO Rui , YUAN Chengzhi , SHEN Si , ZHANG Zichang , FAN Yunru , LI Jiarui , LI Hao , YOU Lixing , ZHOU Qiang , WANG Zizhu ∗. Optimized detection of maximally entangled time-bin qutrits [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(1): 85-94.
[5]	TANG Shibiao ∗ , LI Zhi , ZHENG Weijun , ZHANG Wansheng , GAO Song , LI Yalin , CHENG Jie , JIANG Lianjun . Research on anti-dead time attack scheme for quantum key distribution system [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(1): 95-103.
[6]	HE Yefeng , , LI Lina ∗ , BAI Qian , CHEN Sihao , QIANG Yuwei . Quantum key distribution of detector’s dead time in heralded single photon source [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(1): 112-119.
[7]	WU Xi, LI Zhiqiang∗. Circuit realization of Grover algorithm based on Cirq [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(3): 431-438.
[8]	DAI Juan∗, LI Zhiqiang, YANG Donghan. Synthesis of Deutsch-Jozsa circuits based on Cirq [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(3): 439-445.
[9]	Bao Feng. Continuous-variable QKD data reconciliation protocol based on concatenated Polar coding and multistage decoding [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(3): 411-417.
[10]	LI Ye, JIN Biao, WANG Chaoze, LI Fengzhi, LIU Weiyue. Synchronization scheme of satellite-ground quantum signal based on FPGA [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(3): 404-410.
[11]	WANG Fangxiang , , CHEN Wei , ∗. High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on orbital angular momentum photons: A review [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(1): 64-80.
[12]	. Quantum secure multiparty summation based on Bell states [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2021, 38(6): 830-837.
[13]	YANG Shunyu, MA Haiqiang ∗ , LI Zhenghua. Comparative research on reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with intensity fluctuations [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2021, 38(6): 838-845.
[14]	ZHOU Wenting, WANG Xin, BIAN Yuxiang, ∗, QIAO Han, FENG Bao, . Multidimensional reverse negotiation protocol for continuous variable quantum key distribution based on polar code [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2021, 38(4): 460-467.
[15]	TANG Shibiao∗, CHENG Jie, LI Shuai. Research on random number chip array scheme for quantum key distribution products [J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2021, 38(4): 468-476.