激光脉冲回波模拟综述: 从理论建模到半实物仿真的演进与挑战 (特邀)

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2026.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 激光脉冲回波模拟是激光雷达系统验证与环境建模的关键技术, 广泛应用于自动驾驶与遥感领域。本文综述了激光回波模拟从理论建模到半实物仿真的技术演进。在理论建模方面, 分析了瑞利散射与米氏散射在非理想介质中引起的多路径传播与波形畸变机制, 介绍了蒙特卡洛方法与神经辐射场方法在建模精度与仿真连续性方面的优势。在半实物仿真方面, 重点介绍了时延模拟, 比较了光纤延迟线与高速电子调制方法的系统特性, 并进一步归纳了多种调制机制的仿真表现与硬件适配性。最后总结了当前面临的时序控制、能量非线性与系统集成等挑战, 并展望了数据驱动建模与光电融合的发展方向。

关键词: 激光回波, 多路径传播, 散射建模, 延迟模拟, 调制机制, 半实物仿真

Abstract: Laser pulse echo emulation is a key technology for the validation of lidar system and environment modeling, which is widely used in the fields of autonomous driving and remote sensing. The technical evolution of laser echo emulation, from theoretical models to hardware-in-the-loop systems, is comprehensively reviewed in this work. In terms of theoretical modeling, the multipath propagation and waveform distortion mechanisms caused by Rayleigh and Mie scattering in non-ideal media are analyzed, and the advantages of Monte Carlo method and neural radiation field method in modeling accuracy and emulation continuity are introduced. In terms of hardware-in-the-loop emulating, time delay emulation is mainly focused, the system characteristics of fiber-optic delay lines and high-speed electronic modulation methods are compared, and the emulation performance and hardware adaptability of multiple modulation mechanisms are further summarized. Finally, the current challenges of timing control, energy nonlinearity and system integration are summarized, and the development direction of data-driven modeling and optoelectronic fusion is envisioned.

Key words: laser echo, multipath propagation, scattering modeling, delay emulation, modulation mechanism, hardware-in-the-loop emulation

中图分类号:

TN24

徐伟, 文心怡, 田磊, 郭翠娟, 徐德刚, 姚建铨 . 激光脉冲回波模拟综述: 从理论建模到半实物仿真的演进与挑战 (特邀) [J]. 量子电子学报, 2026, 43(2): 163-177.

XU Wei , WEN Xinyi , TIAN Lei , GUO Cuijuan , XU Degang , YAO Jianquan . A review of laser pulse echo emulation: Evolution and challenges from theoretical modeling to hardware⁃in⁃the⁃loop emulating (Invited)[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2026, 43(2): 163-177.

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