基于四粒子GHZ态的半量子私有比较协议

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2023.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 半量子通信协议允许只具有有限量子能力的参与者进行量子通信, 与全量子通信协议相比, 减少了量子资源损耗, 节约了量子硬件成本。基于半量子模型, 以四粒子Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) 态作为量子资源态, 提出了一种新型半量子私有比较协议。该协议可以在半诚实第三方的帮助下比较两个经典用户Alice 和Bob 的信息是否相等, 且不泄露他们的秘密信息。安全性分析表明该协议可以抵御内部攻击和外部攻击, 与现有的半量子私有比较协议相比, 经典用户所需的量子能力更少, 只需执行Z 基测量和反射接收的粒子, 且具有较高的量子比特效率。此外, 通过IBM 量子云平台进行了仿真实验, 验证了所提协议的正确性。

关键词: 量子信息, 量子密码学, 半量子私有比较, 四粒子GHZ 态, IBM 量子云平台, 半诚实第三方

Abstract: The semi-quantum communication protocol allows participants with only limited quantum capabilities to carry out quantum communication. Compared with the full quantum communication protocol, it reduces the loss of quantum resources and saves the costs of quantum hardware. Based on a semi-quantum model, a novel semi-quantum private comparison protocol is proposed with the fourparticle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state as the quantum resource state. The protocol can compare the information of two classical users, Alice and Bob, with the help of a semi-honest third party without disclosing their secret information. Security analysis shows that this protocol can resist both internal and external attacks. Compared with the existing semi-quantum private comparison protocol, the classical user in the proposed protocol requires less quantum capability, only needs to perform Z-based measurement and reflect the received particles, and has high quantum bit efficiency. In addition, the proposed protocol is verified by simulation experiments on IBM quantum cloud platform.

Key words: quantum information, quantum cryptography, semi-quantum private comparison, fourparticle GHZ state, IBM quantum cloud platform, semi-honest third party

中图分类号:

O431.2

黄灌 , 娄小平. 基于四粒子GHZ态的半量子私有比较协议[J]. 量子电子学报, 2023, 40(5): 726-737.

HUANG Guan , LOU Xiaoping. Semi⁃quantum private comparison protocol based on four⁃particle GHZ state[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(5): 726-737.

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