综述: 基于轨道角动量光子态的
高维量子密钥分发

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2022.01.004

量子电子学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 64-80.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2022.01.004

• "轨道角动量：从经典光学到量子信息”专辑 • 上一篇下一篇

综述: 基于轨道角动量光子态的高维量子密钥分发

王纺翔1,2 , 陈巍1,2∗

( 1 中国科学技术大学, 中国科学院量子信息重点实验室, 安徽合肥 230026; 2 中国科学院量子信息与量子科技创新研究院, 安徽合肥 230026 )

收稿日期:2021-10-19 修回日期:2021-12-09 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2022-01-28
通讯作者: 陈巍 E-mail:weich@ustc.edu.cn
基金资助:
Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (科技部重点研发计划, 2018YFA0306400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (国家自然科学基金, 61675189, 61905235), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (中国博士后科学基金, 2019M652179)

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on orbital angular momentum photons: A review

WANG Fangxiang 1,2 , CHEN Wei 1,2∗

( 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; 2 CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China )

Received:2021-10-19 Revised:2021-12-09 Published:2022-01-28 Online:2022-01-28
Contact: Wei Chen E-mail:weich@ustc.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China;National Natural Science Foundation of China;China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 信息安全是国家核心竞争力的重要组成部分, 量子密钥分发 (QKD) 利用量子力学基本原理对信息实现计算复杂度无关的安全加密, 是下一代信息安全技术的重要选项。经过三十多年的发展, 以结合诱骗态的 BB84 协议为代表的 QKD 方案已经非常成熟, 并逐渐开始了规模化部署。持续探索基础方案和核心技术是推动 QKD 发展的基础动力。在单回合通信中, 基于高维量子态编码的高维 QKD (HD-QKD) 技术具有更高的信息承载效率和更强的抗噪声能力, 因而具有重要的发展和应用潜力，已成为当前 QKD 领域的重要研究方向之一。光子的轨道角动量 (OAM) 自由度原则上具有无穷维希尔伯特空间, 是实现 HD-QKD 的重要物理资源。重点回顾了基于 OAM 光子态的 HD-QKD 的发展历程, 梳理并讨论了该研究方向的主要技术成果和面临的关键技术问题, 并展望其未来发展趋势。

关键词: 量子信息, 高维量子密钥分发, 矢量涡旋, 轨道角动量, 量子密码, 信息安全

Abstract: Information security is a crucial part of a nation’s core competitiveness. Based on the fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, quantum key distribution (QKD) realizes information encryption being independent of computational complexity, thus becomes an important element of the nextgeneration technology for information security. With the development during the last thirty years, QKD technology, combined with the decoy-state method, has become mature. Especially, the BB84-protocol QKD system has been deployed for practical application. Seeking and pursuing better underlying schemes nd fundamental technologies is the best way to promote the development of QKD. By utilizing highdimensional quantum states for the encoding and decoding procedures, high-dimensional QKD (HDQKD) can transfer a larger amount of information and possess stronger noise resistance ability. Therefore, it has been a fast-growing branch of QKD and strongly supports further development of QKD. The degree of freedom of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons possesses a Hilbert space with infinite dimensionality in principle, and hence is a potential resource for HD-QKD. In this paper, the development history and important progress of HD-QKD technology based on OAM photons are reviewed, and the challenges to be overcome and the trends of HD-QKD technology before practical applications are also discussed and prospected.

Key words: quantum information, high-dimensional quantum key distribution, vector vortex, orbital angular momentum, quantum cryptography, information security

中图分类号:

O431.2

王纺翔, 陈巍, ∗. 综述: 基于轨道角动量光子态的高维量子密钥分发[J]. 量子电子学报, 2022, 39(1): 64-80.

WANG Fangxiang , , CHEN Wei , ∗. High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on orbital angular momentum photons: A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(1): 64-80.

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综述: 基于轨道角动量光子态的高维量子密钥分发

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on orbital angular momentum photons: A review

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综述: 基于轨道角动量光子态的 高维量子密钥分发

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on orbital angular momentum photons: A review

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综述: 基于轨道角动量光子态的高维量子密钥分发