基于微纳结构的光子轨道角动量复用及检测进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2022.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 1992 年Allen 等认识到光子可以携带轨道角动量(OAM), 其表现为波前的螺旋相位分布。由于其独特的光场分布以及其拓扑荷理论上可取任意整数等特性, OAM 光束在超分辨成像、高密度数据编码等领域具有重要作用。对微纳尺度下OAM 光束与物质相互作用新机制的研究, 有望为现代光子器件以及多维光与物质相互作用等领域提供新的思路和方法。介绍了本课题组利用OAM 光束在纳米结构上实现多维信息复用以及 OAM 光束拓扑荷的探测技术, 并对纳米尺度OAM 光束的应用进行了展望。

关键词: 信息光学, 轨道角动量, 光复用, 编码解码, 完美涡旋光, 涡旋光检测

Abstract: Photon carries orbital angular momentum (OAM), which manifests as a helical phase distribution in the wavefront. Because of its unique optical field distribution and physically-unbounded OAM state, OAM beam plays an important role in super-resolution imaging, high-density data coding and other fields. The study on the new mechanisms of OAM beam-matter interaction at nano structures is expected to provide new ideas and methods for the fields of modern photonic devices and multidimensional light-matter interaction. The applications of OAM beams in multidimensional multiplexing as well as the detection technologies of OAM topological charges developed by the authors’ group are reviewed, and an outlook on the application of OAM beams at nanoscale is also presented.

Key words: information optics, orbital angular momentum, optical multiplexing, coding and decoding; perfect optical vortex, detection of vortex beam

中图分类号:

O438

欧阳旭, 张明偲, 杨清帅, 曹耀宇, 徐毅, 李向平. 基于微纳结构的光子轨道角动量复用及检测进展[J]. 量子电子学报, 2022, 39(2): 251-261.

OUYANG Xu, ZHANG Mingsi, YANG Qingshuai, CAO Yaoyu, XU Yi, LI Xiangping. Progress in orbital angular momentum multiplexing and detection based on nano structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022, 39(2): 251-261.

参考文献

[1]Darwin C G.Notes on the theory of radiation[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1932, 136(829): 36-52. [2]Allen L, Beijersbergen M W, Spreeuw R J C, et al.Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes[J].Physical Review A, 1992, 45(11):8185- [3]Firth W J, Skryabin D V.Optical solitons carrying orbital angular momentum[J].Physical Review Letters, 1997, 79(13):2450- [4]Soskin M S, Gorshkov V N, Vasnetsov M V, et al.Topological charge and angular momentum of light beams carrying optical vortices[J].Physical Review A, 1997, 56(5):4064- [5]Zhan Q.Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications[J].Advances in Optics and Photonics, 2009, 1(1):1-57 [6]Yao A M, Padgett M J.Orbital angular momentum: origins,behavior and applications[J].Advances in Optics and Photonics, 2011, 3(2):161-204 [7]王帅, 邓子岚, 王发强, 王晓雷, 李向平.光子角动量在环形金属纳米孔异常透射过程中的作用[J].物理学报, 2019, 68(07):261-267 [8]Wang S, Deng Z L, Cao Y, et al.Angular momentum-dependent transmission of circularly polarized vortex beams through a plasmonic coaxial nanoring[J].IEEE Photonics Journal, 2017, 10(1):1-9 [9]Hell S W, Wichmann J.Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy[J].Optics Letters, 1994, 19(11):780-782 [10]Liang L, Feng Z, Zhang Q, et al.Continuous-wave near-infrared stimulated-emission depletion microscopy using downshifting lanthanide nanoparticles[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2021: 1-6. [11]Willig K I, Rizzoli S O, Westphal V, et al.STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis[J].Nature, 2006, 440(7086):935-939 [12]Wang B, Shi J, Zhang T, et al.Improved lateral resolution with an annular vortex depletion beam in STED microscopy[J].Optics Letters, 2017, 42(23):4885-4888 [13]Franke-Arnold S, Allen L, Padgett M.Advances in optical angular momentum[J].Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2008, 2(4):299-313 [14]Simpson N B, Allen L, Padgett M J.Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre–Gaussian modes[J].Journal of Modern Optics, 1996, 43(12):2485-2491 [15]Paterson L, MacDonald M P, Arlt J, et al.Controlled rotation of optically trapped microscopic particles[J].Science, 2001, 292(5518):912-914 [16]MacDonald M P, Paterson L, Volke-Sepulveda K, et al.Creation and manipulation of three-dimensional optically trapped structures[J].Science, 2002, 296(5570):1101-1103 [17]Grier D G.A revolution in optical manipulation[J].Nature, 2003, 424(6950):810-816 [18]Molina-Terriza G, Torres J P, Torner L.Twisted photons[J].Nature Physics, 2007, 3(5):305-310 [19]姜美玲, 张明偲, 李向平, 曹耀宇.超分辨光存储研究进展[J].光电工程, 2019, 46(03):82-93 [20]曹耀宇, 谢飞, 张鹏达, 李向平.双光束超分辨激光直写纳米加工技术[J].光电工程, 2017, 44(12):1133-1145 [21]Gan Z, Cao Y, Evans R A, et al.Three-dimensional deep sub-diffraction optical beam lithography with 9 nm feature size[J].Nature Communications, 2013, 4(1):1-7 [22]Li X, Cao Y, Tian N, et al.Multifocal optical nanoscopy for big data recording at 30 TB capacity and gigabitssecond data rate[J].Optica, 2015, 2(6):567-570 [23]Cao Y, Gan Z, Jia B, et al.High-photosensitive resin for super-resolution direct-laser-writing based on photoinhibited polymerization[J].Optics Express, 2011, 19(20):19486-19494 [24]Franke-Arnold S, Barnett S M, Padgett M J, et al.Two-photon entanglement of orbital angular momentum states[J].Physical Review A, 2002, 65(3):033823- [25]Stav T, Faerman A, Maguid E, et al.Quantum entanglement of the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons using metamaterials[J].Science, 2018, 361(6407):1101-1104 [26]Mair A, Vaziri A, Weihs G, et al.Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons[J].Nature, 2001, 412(6844):313-316 [27]Vaziri A, Weihs G, Zeilinger A.Experimental two-photon,three-dimensional entanglement for quantum communication[J].Physical Review Letters, 2002, 89(24):240401- [28]吕宏, 柯熙政.光束轨道角动量的量子通信编码方法研究[J].量子电子学报, 2010, 27(02):155-160 [29]丁冬生, 周志远, 史保森.高维量子态存储[J].量子电子学报, 2014, 31(04):442-448 [30]邓子岚, 涂清安, 李向平.多维度超表面及其在信息加密防伪上的应用[J].红外与激光工程, 2020, 49(09):80-95 [31]Dai Q, Ouyang M, Yuan W, et al.Encoding random hot spots of a volume gold nanorod assembly for ultralow energy memory[J].Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(35):1701918- [32]Zijlstra P, Chon J W M, Gu M.Five-dimensional optical recording mediated by surface plasmons in gold nanorods[J].Nature, 2009, 459(7245):410-413 [33]Xian M, Xu Y, Ouyang X, et al.Segmented cylindrical vector beams for massively-encoded optical data storage[J].Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(24):2072-2079 [34]Gu M, Li X, Cao Y.Optical storage arrays: a perspective for future big data storage[J].Light: Science & Applications, 2014, 3(5):e177-e177 [35]Li J X, Xu Y, Dai Q F, et al.Manipulating light–matter interaction in a gold nanorod assembly by plasmonic coupling[J].Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2016, 10(5):826-834 [36]Zhang Y, Han J, Shi L, et al.Extremely polarized and efficient hot electron intraband luminescence from aluminum nanostructures for nonlinear optical encoding[J].Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2021, 15(1):2000339- [37]Li X, Lan T H, Tien C H, et al.Three-dimensional orientation-unlimited polarization encryption by a single optically configured vectorial beam[J].Nature Communications, 2012, 3(1):1-6 [38]Zhu L, Cao Y, Chen Q, et al. Near-perfect fidelity polarization-encoded multilayer optical data storage based on aligned gold nanorods[J]. arXiv prep.[J].rXiv:2104.05903, 2021., rint, :- [39]Li X, Chon J W M, Evans R A, et al.Quantum-rod dispersed photopolymers for multi-dimensional photonic applications[J].Optics Express, 2009, 17(4):2954-2961 [40]Deng Z L, Tu Q A, Wang Y, et al.Vectorial Compound Metapixels for Arbitrary Nonorthogonal Polarization Steganography[J]. Advanced Materials, 2021: 2103472. [41]Li X, Chon J W M, Wu S, et al.Rewritable polarization-encoded multilayer data storage in 2,5-dimethyl-4-(p-nitrophenylazo) anisole doped polymer[J].Optics Letters, 2007, 32(3):277-279 [42]Ouyang X, Xu Y, Feng Z, et al.Polychromatic and polarized multilevel optical data storage[J].Nanoscale, 2019, 11(5):2447-2452 [43]Cumpston B H, Ananthavel S P, Barlow S, et al.Two-photon polymerization initiators for three-dimensional optical data storage and microfabrication[J].Nature, 1999, 398(6722):51-54 [44]欧阳旭, 徐毅, 冼铭聪, 曹耀宇, 戴峭峰, 李向平, 兰胜.基于无序金纳米棒编码的多维光信息存储[J].光电工程, 2019, 46(03):57-69 [45]Deng Z L, Jin M, Ye X, et al.Full-color complex-amplitude vectorial holograms based on multi-freedom metasurfaces[J].Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(21):1910610- [46]柯熙政, 郭新龙.用光束轨道角动量实现相位信息编码[J].量子电子学报, 2015, 32(01):69-76 [47]张文浩, 李成, 李威, 赵生妹.均衡下非对齐光子轨道角动量复用通信系统性能研究[J].量子电子学报, 2018, 35(06):723-729 [48]Zhan Q.Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications[J].Advances in Optics and Photonics, 2009, 1(1):1-57 [49]Chong A, Wan C, Chen J, et al.Generation of spatiotemporal optical vortices with controllable transverse orbital angular momentum[J].Nature Photonics, 2020, 14(6):350-354 [50]Karimi E, Schulz S A, De Leon I, et al.Generating optical orbital angular momentum at visible wavelengths using a plasmonic metasurface[J].Light: Science & Applications, 2014, 3(5):e167-e167 [51]Marrucci L, Karimi E, Slussarenko S, et al.Spin-to-orbital conversion of the angular momentum of light and its classical and quantum applications[J].Journal of Optics, 2011, 13(6):064001- [52]Ni J, Huang C, Zhou L M, et al.Multidimensional phase singularities in nanophotonics[J].Science, 2021, 374(6566):e-a [53]Sroor H, Huang Y W, Sephton B, et al.High-purity orbital angular momentum states from a visible metasurface laser[J].Nature Photonics, 2020, 14(8):498-503 [54]Forbes A, de Oliveira M, Dennis M R.Structured light[J].Nature Photonics, 2021, 15(4):253-262 [55]Cai X, Wang J, Strain M J, et al.Integrated compact optical vortex beam emitters[J].Science, 2012, 338(6105):363-366 [56]Barreiro J T, Wei T C, Kwiat P G.Beating the channel capacity limit for linear photonic superdense coding[J].Nature physics, 2008, 4(4):282-286 [57]Wang J, Yang J Y, Fazal I M, et al.Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing[J].Nature Photonics, 2012, 6(7):488-496 [58]Yan Y, Xie G, Lavery M P J, et al.High-capacity millimetre-wave communications with orbital angular momentum multiplexing[J].Nature Communications, 2014, 5(1):1-9 [59]Bozinovic N, Yue Y, Ren Y, et al.Terabit-scale orbital angular momentum mode division multiplexing in fibers[J].Science, 2013, 340(6140):1545-1548 [60]Ren H, Li X, Zhang Q, et al.On-chip noninterference angular momentum multiplexing of broadband light[J].Science, 2016, 352(6287):805-809 [61]Ouyang X, Xu Y, Xian M, et al.Synthetic helical dichroism for six-dimensional optical orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Nature. Photonics. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00880-1 [62]Shen Y, Wang X, Xie Z, et al.Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities[J].Light: Science & Applications, 2019, 8(1):1-29 [63]Yang Q, Xie Z, Zhang M, et al. Generating tightly focused perfect optical vortex for ultra-secure optical encryption[J]. arXiv prep.[J].rXiv:2111.00773, 2021., rint, :- [64]Wen Y, Chremmos I, Chen Y, et al.Spiral transformation for high-resolution and efficient sorting of optical vortex modes[J].Physical review letters, 2018, 120(19):193904- [65]Yue Z, Ren H, Wei S, et al.Angular-momentum nanometrology in an ultrathin plasmonic topological insulator film[J].Nature communications, 2018, 9(1):1-7 [66]Zhang M, Ren H, Ouyang X, et al.Nanointerferometric Discrimination of the Spin–Orbit Hall Effect[J].ACS Photonics, 2021, 8(4):1169-1174 [67]Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Forbes A, Berry M V, et al.Roadmap on structured light[J].Journal of Optics, 2016, 19(1):013001- [68]胡涛, 潘孙翔, 王乐, 赵生妹.水下湍流对轨道角动量通信系统信道容量的影响[J].量子电子学报, 2018, 35(04):499-506 [69]Fang X, Ren H, Gu M.Orbital angular momentum holography for high-security encryption[J].Nature Photonics, 2020, 14(2):102-108 [70]Bliokh K Y, Rodríguez-Fortu?o F J, Nori F, et al.Spin–orbit interactions of light[J].Nature Photonics, 2015, 9(12):796-808 [71]Ren H, Briere G, Fang X, et al.Metasurface orbital angular momentum holography[J].Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1):1-8